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Middle East
5:04 pm
Mon October 15, 2012

Pakistani Girl Shot By Taliban Transported To U.K.

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Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 10:12 pm

Transcript

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block.

In recent days, the name Malala has reverberated around the world. She's the Pakistani schoolgirl who was shot in the head by the Taliban. She was targeted because she blogged about what life is like for a child living under Islamist militant rule and she publicly campaigning against Islamist' ban on girls' education.

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Europe
5:03 pm
Mon October 15, 2012

Scotland To Vote On Independence From U.K.

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By editor

Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 6:46 pm

Transcript

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

Scotland took a step towards independence today, at least a step towards a vote on the subject. British Prime Minister David Cameron met in Edinburgh with the head of the semiautonomous Scottish government. And together, they signed off on an independence referendum to be held in two years.

But as Vicki Barker reports, it's not clear people in Scotland want independence.

VICKI BARKER, BYLINE: The two men smiled as they exchange copies of the agreement for each other to sign.

ALEX SALMOND: Here, there you go.

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Around the Nation
4:54 pm
Mon October 15, 2012

Americans Win Economics Nobel For Market Design

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By editor

Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 6:46 pm

Two Americans, Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley, have won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Economics. Their research on market design has found many practical applications. It's at the heart of the system used to match medical school graduates with residency programs and is even used in the market that matches human organ donors and recipients.

Shots - Health News
4:07 pm
Mon October 15, 2012

Wiping Out Polio: How The U.S. Snuffed Out A Killer

Next imagePrevious image
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
On April 12, 1955, Dr. Jonas Salk and his research team at the University of Pittsburgh released the first successful vaccine for polio. In 1979, the U.S. reported its last case of the paralyzing virus.
Credit Courtesy of Boston Children's Hospital Archive.
Many people infected with polio don't show any symptoms. Some become temporarily paralyzed; for others, it's permanent. In 1952, the polio epidemic reached a peak in the U.S.: almost 58,000 reported cases and more than 3,000 deaths.
Credit Courtesy of Boston Children's Hospital Archive.
Before the polio vaccine was developed, doctors tried to treat patients with ultraviolet light, which was known to inactivate the virus in the lab.
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
While receiving a polio vaccine, Cheryl Halpin watches Salk inoculate another child on television.
Credit AP
The vast majority of polio victims are children, but it can also strike adults. Franklin D. Roosevelt contracted polio in 1921 at age 39. Here, two men lift a little girl in a wheelchair so that Roosevelt can greet her from his vehicle during his first presidential campaign.
Credit AP
Many celebrities and actresses helped to promote the fight against polio. In this image from 1953, the British actress Margaret Lockwood speaks with a young polio survivor, 4-year-old Mary Burton, as they buy stamps to support polio research and treatment.
Credit AP
Patricia, 6, and Pamela, 5, were stricken with polio in 1948. They were poster children for the March of Dimes' campaign efforts to eradicate infantile paralysis. This poster first appeared in 1952.
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
The global health community stepped up its fight against polio in the 1980s. Here, a poster from the Qatari Ministry of Health promotes polio vaccination by foreshadowing the young boy's fate if he doesn't receive the protective drops.
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
A poster distributed by French public health officials promotes polio vaccination by representing the shot as a protective umbrella.
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
A British postcard promotes the importance of vaccinating against polio.
Credit Courtesy of Images from the History of Medicine (NLM).
A poster from Ecuador shows the "vaccination diploma" children receive after they're inoculated against polio, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis and measles. Polio was stamped out in the Western Hemisphere in 1991.
Credit Courtesy of the Boston Children's Hospital Archive.
A major roadblock for developing the polio vaccine: growing the virus in the laboratory. Scientist John Enders was the first to overcome this challenge in 1949 — a feat that earned him a Nobel Prize in 1954 and Time magazine's Man of the Year title in 1961. Salk used Enders' technique to create the polio vaccine.
Credit Courtesy of Boston Children's Hospital Archive.
Many polio victims couldn't breathe on their own because of paralysis in their chest muscles. The iron lung — a simple, air-tight chamber that regulates air pressure — kept patients breathing until the paralysis passed. At the peak of the epidemic, rows of iron lung ventilators filled hospital rooms.
Credit Courtesy of Boston Children's Hospital Archive
During the peak of the polio epidemic in the U.S., some hospital wards even had large, room-like iron lungs where multiple children lived.
Credit Courtesy of the Boston Children's Hospital Archive
Many people infected with polio don't show any symptoms. Some become temporarily paralyzed; for others, it's permanent. In 1952, the polio epidemic reached a peak in U.S.: almost 58,000 reported cases and more than 3,000 deaths.
Credit Courtesy of Boston Children's Hospital
Many polio victims couldn't breathe on their own because of paralysis in their chest muscles. The iron lung — a simple, air-tight chamber that regulates air pressure — kept patients breathing until the paralysis passed. At the peak of the epidemic, rows of iron lung ventilators filled hospital rooms.
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Originally published on Wed January 23, 2013 2:55 pm

Sixty years ago, polio was one of the most feared diseases in the U.S.

As the weather warmed up each year, panic over polio intensified. Late summer was dubbed "polio season." Public swimming pools were shut down. Movie theaters urged patrons not to sit too close together to avoid spreading the disease. Insurance companies started selling polio insurance for newborns.

The fear was well grounded. By the 1950s, polio had become one of the most serious communicable diseases among children in the United States.

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The Salt
3:33 pm
Mon October 15, 2012

Jerusalem: A Love Letter To Food And Memories Of Home

Next imagePrevious image
Credit Jonathan Lovekin / Ten Speed Press
A boy chooses fruit from a stall as Jerusalem market vendors swirl around him.
Credit Jonathan Lovekin / Ten Speed Press
A fresh fruit and vegetable stall in Jerusalem.
Credit Jonathan Lovekind / Ten Speed Press
Bagels on display in a Jerusalem market.
Credit Jonathan Lovekind / Ten Speed Press
In Jerusalem, many worlds come together, yet remain apart, at the marketplace.
Credit Jonathan Lovekind / Ten Speed Press
A shopper chooses a melon from a market stall in Jerusalem.
Credit Jonathan Lovekin / Ten Speed Press
A boy chooses fruit from a stall as Jerusalem market vendors swirl around him.
Credit Richard Learoyd / Ten Speed Press
Sami Tamimi is a partner and the head chef at Ottolenghi, a restaurant with four London locations.
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Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 6:46 pm

Jerusalem is known for its bitter politics, a divided city where decades of religious and political strife have torn away shared spaces. But as British-Israeli chef Yotam Ottolenghi tells NPR's Melissa Block, if there's one place in which Jerusalemites of all stripes still stand united, it's in their love of food.

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Middle East
5:53 am
Mon October 15, 2012

Video From Syria Alerts Activist To His Father's Death

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Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 9:48 am

The numbers coming out of Syria these days are staggering: hundreds of thousands of refugees, tens of thousands dead. The struggle, and the death, is being captured regularly on social media. The documentation not only serves as a bulletin for foreigners, but also as an alert for those with family members who become victims.

When Syrians first started protesting in March of last year, Fadi Zeidan was there. He and his friends thought the Syrian uprising would be fast, like the ones in Tunisia and Egypt.

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Business
4:51 am
Mon October 15, 2012

Nobel Economic Prize Announced Monday

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Originally published on Mon October 15, 2012 7:59 am

Americans Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley won the Nobel economics prize Monday for their theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.

Middle East
12:21 pm
Sun October 14, 2012

A Defection Hints At Cracks Among Syria's Alawites

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The Two-Way
12:14 pm
Sun October 14, 2012

Syrian Forces Using Cluster Bombs, Rights Group Says

Credit Tauseef Mustafa / AFP/Getty Images
Syrians deliver an injured civilian to a hospital in the northern city of Aleppo on Saturday, following shelling by government forces.
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By Melisa Goh

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World
6:45 am
Sun October 14, 2012

Russia To Go It Alone On Nuke Disarmament

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Originally published on Sun October 14, 2012 2:14 pm

Transcript

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

Well, this past week, the Russian government announced that it is dropping out of the program.

NPR's Mike Shuster has more on the consequences.

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